%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% Bibliography stuff from aastex.cls %% lines 1551-1648 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \let\jnl@style=\rmfamily \def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1}}% \newcommand\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}}% Astronomical Journal \newcommand\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}}% Annual Review of Astron and Astrophys \newcommand\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}% Astrophysical Journal \newcommand\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}% Astrophysical Journal, Letters \newcommand\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}}% Astrophysical Journal, Supplement \newcommand\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.~Opt.}}% Applied Optics \newcommand\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}}% Astrophysics and Space Science \newcommand\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}}% Astronomy and Astrophysics \newcommand\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}}% Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews \newcommand\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}}% Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement \newcommand\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}}% Astronomicheskii Zhurnal \newcommand\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}}% Bulletin of the AAS \newcommand\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}}% Journal of the RAS of Canada \newcommand\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}}% Memoirs of the RAS \newcommand\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}}% Monthly Notices of the RAS \newcommand\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~A}}% Physical Review A: General Physics \newcommand\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~B}}% Physical Review B: Solid State \newcommand\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~C}}% Physical Review C \newcommand\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~D}}% Physical Review D \newcommand\pre{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~E}}% Physical Review E \newcommand\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~Lett.}}% Physical Review Letters \newcommand\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}}% Publications of the ASP \newcommand\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}}% Publications of the ASJ \newcommand\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}}% Quarterly Journal of the RAS \newcommand\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}}% Sky and Telescope \newcommand\solphys{\ref@jnl{Sol.~Phys.}}% Solar Physics \newcommand\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}}% Soviet Astronomy \newcommand\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.~Rev.}}% % Space Science Reviews \newcommand\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}}% Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik \newcommand\nat{\ref@jnl{Nature}}% Nature \newcommand\iaucirc{\ref@jnl{IAU~Circ.}}% IAU Cirulars \newcommand\aplett{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Lett.}}% Astrophysics Letters \newcommand\apspr{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.}}% Astrophysics Space Physics Research \newcommand\bain{\ref@jnl{Bull.~Astron.~Inst.~Netherlands}}% Bul. Astr. Inst. of the Netherlands \newcommand\fcp{\ref@jnl{Fund.~Cosmic~Phys.}}% Fundamental Cosmic Physics \newcommand\gca{\ref@jnl{Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta}}% Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta \newcommand\grl{\ref@jnl{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}}% Geophysics Research Letters \newcommand\jcp{\ref@jnl{J.~Chem.~Phys.}}% Journal of Chemical Physics \newcommand\jgr{\ref@jnl{J.~Geophys.~Res.}}% Journal of Geophysics Research \newcommand\jqsrt{\ref@jnl{J.~Quant.~Spec.~Radiat.~Transf.}}% Journal of Quantitiative Spectroscopy and Radiative Trasfer \newcommand\memsai{\ref@jnl{Mem.~Soc.~Astron.~Italiana}}% Mem. Societa Astronomica Italiana \newcommand\nphysa{\ref@jnl{Nucl.~Phys.~A}}% Nuclear Physics A \newcommand\physrep{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rep.}}% Physics Reports \newcommand\physscr{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Scr}}% Physica Scripta \newcommand\planss{\ref@jnl{Planet.~Space~Sci.}}% Planetary Space Science \newcommand\procspie{\ref@jnl{Proc.~SPIE}}% Proceedings of the SPIE \let\astap=\aap \let\apjlett=\apjl \let\apjsupp=\apjs \let\applopt=\ao %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% Symbols from aastex.cls %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% lines 1649-1771 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \newcommand\phn{\phantom{0}}% \newcommand\phd{\phantom{.}}% \newcommand\phs{\phantom{$-$}}% \newcommand\phm[1]{\phantom{#1}}% \let\la=\lesssim % For Springer A&A compliance... \let\ga=\gtrsim \newcommand\sq{\mbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}% \newcommand\arcdeg{\mbox{$^\circ$}}% \newcommand\arcmin{\mbox{$^\prime$}}% \newcommand\arcsec{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}% \newcommand\fd{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm d}$}}% \newcommand\fh{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm h}$}}% \newcommand\fm{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm m}$}}% \newcommand\fs{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm s}$}}% \newcommand\fdg{\mbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}% \newcommand\farcm@mss{\mbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}% \let\farcm\farcm@mss \newcommand\farcs@mss{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}% \let\farcs\farcs@mss \newcommand\fp{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm p}$}}% \newcommand\micron{\mbox{$\mu$m}}% \def\farcm@apj{% \mbox{.\kern -0.7ex\raisebox{.9ex}{\scriptsize$\prime$}}% }% \def\farcs@apj{% \mbox{% \kern 0.13ex.% \kern -0.95ex\raisebox{.9ex}{\scriptsize$\prime\prime$}% \kern -0.1ex% }% }% \newcommand\case[2]{\mbox{$\frac{#1}{#2}$}}% \newcommand\slantfrac{\case}% \newcommand\onehalf{\slantfrac{1}{2}}% \newcommand\onethird{\slantfrac{1}{3}}% \newcommand\twothirds{\slantfrac{2}{3}}% \newcommand\onequarter{\slantfrac{1}{4}}% \newcommand\threequarters{\slantfrac{3}{4}}% \newcommand\ubvr{\mbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}%% UBVR system \newcommand\ub{\mbox{$U\!-\!B$}}% % U-B \newcommand\bv{\mbox{$B\!-\!V$}}% % B-V \newcommand\vr{\mbox{$V\!-\!R$}}% % V-R \newcommand\ur{\mbox{$U\!-\!R$}}% % U-R \newcommand\ion[2]{#1$\;${\small\rmfamily\@Roman{#2}}\relax}% %%%%\newcommand\nodata{ ~$\cdots$~ }% \newcommand\diameter{\ooalign{\hfil/\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}% \newcommand\degr{\arcdeg}% \newcommand\Sun{\sun}% \newcommand\Sol{\sun}% \newcommand\sun{\odot}% \newcommand\Mercury{\astro{\char1}}% Mercury symbol, "1" \newcommand\Venus{\astro{\char2}}% Venus symbol, "2" \newcommand\Earth{\earth}% \newcommand\Terra{\earth}% \newcommand\earth{\oplus}% \newcommand\Mars{\astro{\char4}}% Mars symbol, "4" \newcommand\Jupiter{\astro{\char5}}% Jupiter symbol, "5" \newcommand\Saturn{\astro{\char6}}% Saturn symbol, "6" \newcommand\Uranus{\astro{\char7}}% Uranus symbol, "7" \newcommand\Neptune{\astro{\char8}}% Neptune symbol, "8" \newcommand\Pluto{\astro{\char9}}% Pluo symbol, "9" \newcommand\Moon{\astro{\char10}}% Moon symbol, "M" \newcommand\Luna{\Moon}% \newcommand\Aries{\astro{\char11}}% \newcommand\VEq{\Aries}% vernal equinox (Aries) \newcommand\Taurus{\astro{\char12}}% \newcommand\Gemini{\astro{\char13}}% \newcommand\Cancer{\astro{\char14}}% \newcommand\Leo{\astro{\char15}}% \newcommand\Virgo{\astro{\char16}}% \newcommand\Libra{\astro{\char17}}% \newcommand\AEq{\Libra}% autumnal equinox (Libra) \newcommand\Scorpius{\astro{\char18}}% \newcommand\Sagittarius{\astro{\char19}}% \newcommand\Capricornus{\astro{\char20}}% \newcommand\Aquarius{\astro{\char21}}% \newcommand\Pisces{\astro{\char22}}% \def\load@astro{% \dimen@=1\aas@ptsize\p@ \font\astro@font=Astrosym at\dimen@ }% \def\astro#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\astro@font#1}}% \def\astro@font{% \ClassWarning{aastex}{% Please use class option `astro', since you are using the astro font.% }% }% \newcommand\sbond{\chem@bnd{\@sbnd}}% \newcommand\dbond{\chem@bnd{\@dbnd}}% \newcommand\tbond{\chem@bnd{\@tbnd}}% \def\chem@bnd#1{% {% \kern.1em\relax \setbox\z@\hbox{M}% \dimen@ii.8em\relax \p@=.1em\relax \dimen@.5\ht\z@\dimen@i-\dimen@ \advance\dimen@1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i-1.0\p@ #1% \kern.1em\relax }% }% \def\@sbnd{% \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak }% \def\@dbnd{% \advance\dimen@-0.5\p@\advance\dimen@i0.5\p@ \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ \hskip-\dimen@ii \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak }% \def\@tbnd{% \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ \hskip-\dimen@ii \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ \hskip-\dimen@ii \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak }% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% End of symbols inclusion %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% Begin deluxetable inclusion %% lines 1194-1295 & 1295-1505 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %\newcommand\colhead[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}\pt@addcol}% %\newcommand\tabletypesize[1]{\def\pt@typesize{#1}}%AO-access to different type sizes in deluxetable %\def\pt@typesize{}% %\newcommand\tablecolumns[1]{% % \pt@column=#1\relax % \pt@ncol=#1\relax % \global\let\pt@addcol\@empty %}% %\newcommand\tablecaption[1]{\gdef\pt@caption{#1}}% %\newcommand\tablehead[1]{% % \gdef\pt@head{% % \hline\hline % \relax\\[-1.7ex]% % #1\hskip\tabcolsep % \\[.7ex]% % \hline % \relax\\[-1.5ex]% % }% %}% %\def\tablehead@aj#1{% % \gdef\pt@head{% % #1\hskip\tabcolsep % \\[.7ex]% % \hline % \relax\\[-1.5ex]% % }% %}% %\newif\if@pt@rot %\newcommand\rotate{\@pt@rottrue}% %\newcommand\tabletail[1]{\gdef\pt@tail{#1}}% %\newcommand\tablewidth[1]{\pt@width=#1\relax}% %\newcommand\tableheadfrac[1]{\gdef\pt@headfrac{#1}}% %\AtBeginDocument{% % \let\pt@caption\@empty % \let\pt@head\@empty % \let\pt@tail\@empty % \pt@width\textwidth % \def\pt@headfrac{.1}% %}% %\def\pt@calcnlines{% % \begingroup % \if@pt@rot\textheight\textwidth\fi % \pt@typesize%AO-type sizes in deluxetable % \@tempdima\pt@headfrac\textheight % \@tempdimb\textheight\advance\@tempdimb by-\@tempdima % \@tempdima\arraystretch\baselineskip % \divide\@tempdimb by\@tempdima % \global\pt@nlines\@tempdimb % \endgroup %}% %\def\pt@tabacol{% % \edef\@preamble{\@preamble\hskip\tabcolsep\tabskip\fill}% %}% %\newdimen\pt@tmpcapwidth %\long\def\@makecaption@plano#1#2{% % \@ifdim{\pt@width>\z@}{% % \pt@tmpcapwidth\pt@width % }{% % \pt@tmpcapwidth\textwidth % }% % \center % \parbox{\pt@tmpcapwidth}{% % \@make@caption@text{#1}{#2}% % }% % \endcenter %}% %\def\fnum@ptable{Table \thetable}% %\def\fnum@ptablecont{Table \thetable---{\rmfamily Continued}}% %\long\def\@make@caption@text#1#2{% % \center\rmfamily#1.\quad#2\endcenter %}% %\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont#1#2{% % \center\rmfamily#1\endcenter % \vskip 2.5ex %}% %\def\fnum@ptablecont@pptt{Table \thetable---{\itshape Continued}}% %\long\def\@make@caption@text@pptt#1#2{% % \center\sc#1\\[.5ex]#2\endcenter %}% %\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont@pptt#1#2{% % \center\sc#1\endcenter % \vskip 1.5ex %}% %\def\fnum@ptable@apj{TABLE \thetable}% %\def\fnum@ptablecont@apj{TABLE \thetable---{\itshape Continued}}% %\long\def\@make@caption@text@apj#1#2{% % \center\Large\sc#1\\[.5ex]#2\endcenter %}% %\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont@apj#1#2{% % \center\Large\sc#1\endcenter % \vskip 1.5ex %}% %\def\fnum@ptable@aj{Table \thetable.}% %\def\fnum@ptablecont@aj{Table \thetable.\space{\rmfamily (continued)}}% %\long\def\@make@caption@text@aj#1#2{% % \center\large{\sc#1}\space#2\endcenter %}% %\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont@aj#1#2{% % \center\large{\sc#1}\endcenter % \vskip 1.5ex %}% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %\newenvironment{deluxetable}[1]{% % \def\pt@format{\string#1}% % \let\@acol\pt@tabacol % \let\@tabularcr\@ptabularcr % \let\@tablenotetext\@ptablenotetext % \let\@tablenotes\@ptablenotes % \global\pt@ncol\z@ % \global\pt@column\z@ % \global\pt@page\@ne % \gdef\pt@addcol{\global\advance\pt@ncol\@ne}% %}{% % \spew@tblnotes % \typeout@deluxetable % \endcenter % \end@plano@float %}% %%%%% Back compatability with outdated ``planotable'': %%%%%\let@environment{planotable}{deluxetable}% %%%%%\def\@plano@float{% Invoked by \startdata %%%%% \begingroup %%%%% \if@pt@rot\columnwidth\textheight\fi %AO-deluxetable \rotate %%%%% \@plano@float@{table}% %%%%%}% %%%%%\def\end@plano@float{% S/B invoked by \enddata; instead by \enddeluxetable %%%%% \end@plano@float@ %%%%% \endgroup %%%%%}% %%%%%\def\@plano@float@{\@float}%AO-extra layer of abstraction for float processing %%%%%\def\end@plano@float@{\end@float}% %%%%%\appdef\@endfloatbox{% %%%%% \if@pt@rot\global\setbox\@currbox\vbox{\rotatebox{90}{\box\@currbox}}\fi %%%%%}% %\def\typeout@deluxetable@mss{% % \typeout{% % Table \thetable\space has been set to width \the\pt@width % }% %}% %\def\typeout@deluxetable@ppt{% % \typeout{% % Page \the\pt@page \space of table \thetable\space has been set to % width \the\pt@width\space with \the\pt@nlines\space lines per page % }% %}% %\let\typeout@deluxetable\typeout@deluxetable@mss %\newcommand\startdata{% % \pt@calcnlines % \@ifdim{\pt@width>\z@}{% % \def\@halignto{\@to\pt@width}% % }{% % \def\@halignto{}% % }% % \let\fnum@table=\fnum@ptable % \let\@makecaption\@makecaption@plano % \global\pt@line\z@ % \start@pt@tabular % \after@startdata %}% %\def\start@pt@tabular{% % \@plano@float % \center % \expandafter\caption\expandafter{\pt@caption}% % \pt@typesize%AO-type sizes in deluxetable % \expandafter\@tabular\expandafter{\pt@format}% %}% %\def\set@pt@box#1{\setbox\pt@box}% %\def\after@startdata{\pt@head}% %\def\after@startdata@aj{\hline\hline\relax\\[-1.7ex]\pt@head}% %\def\enddata{% % \crcr % \noalign{\vskip .7ex}% % \before@enddata % \endtabular % \setbox\pt@box\lastbox % \pt@width\wd\pt@box\box\pt@box %}% %\def\before@enddata{\hline}% %\def\before@enddata@aj{\hline\hline}% %\def\nl{\substitute@command\nl\\}% %\def\nextline{\substitute@command\nextline\\}% %\def\@ptabularcr{% % {\ifnum0=`}\fi % A klootch just in case the next token is & or \cr % \@ifstar{% % \@testopt{\@argptabularcr\@empty}\z@skip % }{% % \@testopt{\@argptabularcr\ptable@@split}\z@skip % }% %}% %\def\@argptabularcr#1[#2]{% % \ifnum0=`{\fi}% To undo the effect of the klootch. % \@ifdim{#2>\z@}{% % \unskip\@xargarraycr{#2}% % }{% % \@yargarraycr{#2}% % }\ptable@split#1% %}% %\def\ptable@split#1{% % \noalign{% % \global\advance\pt@line\@ne % \@ifnum{\pt@line<\pt@nlines}{}{% % \aftergroup#1% % }% % }% %}% %\def\ptable@@split{% % \before@suspendpt % \endtabular % \setbox\pt@box\lastbox % \pt@width\wd\pt@box\box\pt@box % \typeout@pt@nl % \global\advance\pt@page\@ne % \endcenter % \end@plano@float % \clearpage % \addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}% % \let\fnum@table=\fnum@ptablecont % \let\@makecaption\@makecaption@plano@cont % \global\pt@ncol=\pt@column% Either 0 or value of \tablecolumns % \global\pt@line\z@ % \start@pt@tabular % \before@resumept % \pt@head %}% %\def\before@suspendpt{}% %\def\before@resumept{}% %\def\before@suspendpt@aj{\@tabularcr\noalign{\vskip .7ex}\hline}% %\def\before@resumept@aj{\hline\relax\@tabularcr[-1.7ex]}% %\def\typeout@pt@nl@ppt{% % \typeout{% % Page \the\pt@page\space of table \thetable\space has been set to % width \the\pt@width % }% %}% %\def\typeout@pt@nl@mss{% % \typeout{% % Page \the\pt@page\space of table \thetable\space has been set to % width \the\pt@width\space with \the\pt@nlines\space lines per page % }% %}% %\def\typeout@pt@nl@aj{% % \typeout{% % Table \thetable\space has been set to % width \the\pt@width\space with \the\pt@nlines\space lines per page % }% %}% %\let\typeout@pt@nl\typeout@pt@nl@mss %\newcommand\tablevspace[1]{\substitute@command\tablevspace\\[#1]}% %\newcommand\tablebreak{\substitute@command\tablebreak\\}%{\cr\ptable@@split}% %\newcommand\cutinhead[1]{% % \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% % \hline % \@ptabularcr % \noalign{\vskip -4ex}% % \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{c}{#1}% % \@ptabularcr % \noalign{\vskip .8ex}% % \hline % \@ptabularcr % \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% %}% %\def\cutinhead@ppt#1{% % \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% % \hline % \@ptabularcr % \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% Style Note: in apj, it is -1.5ex % \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{c}{#1}% % \@ptabularcr % \noalign{\vskip .8ex}% % \hline % \@ptabularcr % \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% %}% %\newcommand\sidehead[1]{% % \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% % \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{@{\hskip\z@}l}{#1}% % \@ptabularcr % \noalign{\vskip .5ex}% %}% %\def\@ptablenotetext#1#2{% % \vspace{0ex}% Style Note: in ppt, it is gone % {\parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em$^{\mathrm#1}$#2}\par}% %}% %\def\@ptablenotes#1{% % \par % \vspace{2ex}% % {\setlength\parskip{1.5ex}#1}% %}% %\def\@ptablenotes@apj#1{% % \par % \vspace{2ex}% % {#1}% %}% %\newcommand\tablerefs[1]{\appgdef\tblnote@list{\@tableref{#1}}}% %\def\@tableref#1{% % \par % \vspace*{3ex}% % {\parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em\rmfamily References. --- #1}\par}% %}% %\newcommand\tablecomments[1]{\appgdef\tblnote@list{\@tablecom{#1}}}% %\def\@tablecom#1{% % \par % \vspace*{3ex}% % {\parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em\rmfamily Note. --- #1}\par}% %}% %\def\@tableref@pptt#1{% % \par % \vspace*{3ex}{% % \parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em{\sc References.---}#1}\par}% %}% %\def\@tablecom@pptt#1{% % \vspace*{3ex}{% % \parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em{\sc Note.---}#1}\par}% %}% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% Addition of /plottwo: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \def\eps@scaling{1.0}% \newcommand\epsscale[1]{\gdef\eps@scaling{#1}}% \newcommand\plotone[1]{% \centering \leavevmode \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\columnwidth}]{#1}% }% \newcommand\plottwo[2]{% \centering \leavevmode \columnwidth=.45\columnwidth \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\columnwidth}]{#1}% \hfil \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\columnwidth}]{#2}% }%